LEED-CI, Indoor Environmental Quality

The links below contain guidelines for achieving each goal, including recommended processes for each design phase.


IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

EQp1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Schematic Design through Construction Documents Use ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Sections 4 to 7, or local code, whichever is more stringent, to determine ventilation requirements. ASHRAE 62.1-2007 is generally standard practice, so often this credit does not require additional cost. MEP Engineers
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal. MEP Engineers with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of meeting minimum indoor air quality performance standards is to ensure proper ventilation for all building occupants. The Harvard University Sustainability Principles encourage maintaining environments that enhance human health, productivity, and safety for occupants of Harvard's buildings.

Financial Considerations

This credit is equivalent with code, so there should be no added cost to achieve this credit.

 

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Meet the minimum requirements of Section 4 through 7 of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (with errata but without addenda1).

AND

CASE 1. Mechanically Ventilated Spaces
Mechanical ventilation systems must perform according to the ventilation rate procedure.
Modify or maintain existing building outside-air ventilation distribution system to supply at least the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 (with errata but without addenda1).
If the project team cannot meet the outside air requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 (with errata but without addenda1) document the space and system constraints that make it not possible, complete an engineering assessment of the system's maximum cubic feet per minute (cfm) capability toward meeting the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 (with errata but without addenda1), and achieve those levels, with a minimum of 10 cfm per person. All other requirements must be met.

CASE 2. Naturally Ventilated Projects
Naturally ventilated buildings must comply with ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Section 5.1 (with errata but without addenda1).

1 Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this prerequisite may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED credits"

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 37

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Meet the minimum requirements of the voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality Mechanical ventilation systems shall perform according to the Ventilation Rate Procedure.

Naturally ventilated buildings must comply with ASHRAE 62-2004 Section 5.1.

Modify or maintain existing building outside-air (OA) ventilation distribution system to supply at least the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE Standard 62-20014."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 259

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Develop ventilation calculations demonstrating compliance with the applicable sections of Section 4 through 7 of ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 286

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the responsible design professional, declaring that the project is fully compliant with Sections 4, 5, 6 and 7 of ASHRAE 62-2004 and all accepted Addenda. Provide a summary of calculations used to determine outdoor air ventilation rates, documenting all assumptions including occupancy type, occupant density and multiple zone analysis.
  • For existing buildings that can not meet the ASHRAE 62-2004 minimum requirements, the engineer must certify in a letter that they have in hand and will deliver to the client: photographs/specs or cutsheet of mechanical equipment as-built Mechanical plans; or single line drawings as-builts of all space constrained aspects in system (e.g., vertical riser/horizontal chase space)."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 259

Additional Resources

IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

IEQp2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Conceptual Design Harvard has a no-smoking policy for common spaces. Cambridge law states that no person "shall smoke in any room to which the public is invited or in which the public is permitted" and that no person "shall smoke in any room under the control of a public or private employer which employees normally frequent during the course of employment." Client Project Manager
Conceptual Design through Construction Documents In graduate student housing, smoking in individual rooms is sometimes permitted. See example Blower Door test procedures undertaken for One Western Avenue and 5 Cowperthwaite, both graduate student housing. Architect and MEP Engineers
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The university has a strict no-smoking policy. The Harvard University Statement of Sustainability Principles lays a foundation for promoting the health of the University community. The intent of this credit is to protect occupants from secondhand tobacco smoke.

Financial Considerations

There should be no added construction cost for this credit. With Harvard's no-smoking policy, this credit should be easy to achieve for non-residential buildings.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"CASE 1. Non-Residential Projects

OPTION 1
Locate tenant space in a building that prohibits smokingbyall occupants and users, within 25 feet ofentries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows.

OR

OPTION 2
Confirm that smoking is prohibited in the portions ofthe tenant space not designated as a smoking space, all other building areas served bythe same HVAC system, and the commonareas usedbyoccupants. Ensure that ETS cannot migrate byeither mechanical or natural ventilation from other areas ofthe building.

If the occupants are permitted to smoke, provide one or more designated smoking rooms designed to contain, capture and remove ETS from the building. At a minimum, each smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors, with no recirculation of ETS-containing air to nonsmoking areas, enclosed with impermeable deck-to-deck partitions, and operated at a negative pressure compared with surrounding spaces of at least an average of 5 Pa (0.02 inches of water gauge) and with a minimum of 1 Pa (0.004 inches of water gauge) when the doors to the smoking rooms are closed.

Verify performance of the smoking rooms differential air pressure byconducting 15 minutes of measurement, with a minimum of 1 measurement every 10 seconds, of the differential pressure in the smoking room with respect to each adjacent area and in each adjacent vertical chase with the doors to the smoking rooms closed. Conduct the testing with each space configured for worst case conditions of transport of air from the smoking rooms (with doors closed) to adjacent spaces.

CASE 2. Multi-Unit Residential Buildings
Minimize uncontrolled pathways for ETS transfer between individual residential units by sealing penetrations in walls, ceilings, and floors in the residential units and by sealing vertical chases adjacent to the units.

Weather-strip all doors in the residential units leading to common hallways to minimize air leakage into the hallway.

Demonstrate acceptable sealing of residential units by conducting a blower door test in accordance with ANSI/ASTM-779-99, Standard Test Methodfor Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization, Use the progressive sampling methodology defined in Chapter 7 (Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS) Required Verification and Diagnostic Testing) of the California Low Rise Residential Alternative Calculation Method Approval Manual, found at (http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24 1998 standards/residential_acm/CHAPTER07.pdf). Residential units must demonstrate less than 1.25 square inches of leakage area per 100 square feet of enclosure area (i.e., sum of all wall, ceiling and floor areas)."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 38-39

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Minimize exposure of non-smokers to TS by one of the following options:

Option A:

Locating tenant space in a building that prohibits smoking by all occupants and users and maintains any exterior designated smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows,

OR

Option B:

In buildings where smoking is permitted, confirming that smoking is prohibited in the portions of the tenant space not designated as a smoking space, in all other building areas served by the same HVAC system, and the common areas used by tenant’s occupants, and that there is no migration of ETS by either mechanical or natural ventilation from other areas of the building.

AND

If the tenant’s occupants are permitted to smoke, providing one or more designated smoking rooms designed to effectively contain, capture and remove ETS from the building. At a minimum, each smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors with no recirculation of ETS containing air to the nonsmoking area of a building, enclosed with impermeable deck-to-deck partitions and operated at a negative pressure compared to surrounding spaces of at least an average of 5 PA (0.02 inches of water gauge) and with a minimum of 1 PA (0.004 inches of water gauge) when the doors to the smoking room are closed.

Performance of the smoking rooms differential air pressure shall be verified by conducting 15 minutes of measurement, with a minimum of one measurement every 10 seconds, of the differential pressure in the smoking room with respect to each adjacent area and in each adjacent vertical chase with the doors to the smoking rooms closed. The testing will be conducted with each space configured for worst case conditions of transport of air from the smoking rooms to adjacent spaces.

OR

Option C:

For multi-unit residential buildings, minimize uncontrolled pathways for ETS transfer between individual residential units by sealing penetrations in walls, ceilings, and floors in the residential units, and by sealing vertical chases adjacent to the units. In addition, all doors in the residential units leading to common hallways shall be weather-stripped to minimize air leakage into the hallway. Acceptable sealing of residential units shall be demonstrated by a blower door test conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASTM-779-99, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate By Fan Pressurization,

AND

Use the progressive sampling methodology defined in Chapter 7 (Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS) Required Verification And Diagnostic Testing) of the California Low Rise Residential Alternative Calculation Method Approval Manual, found at (www.energy.ca.gov/title24_1998_standards/residential_acm/CHAPTER07.pdf). Residential units must demonstrate less than 1.25 square inches leakage area per 100 square feet of enclosure area (i.e., sum of all wall, ceiling and floor areas)."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, pages 265-266

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Develop an environmental tobacco smoke policy that details areas where smoking is prohibited.
  • Maintain documentation (e.g., site plans and renderings) that visually indicates how the smoking policy has been implemented on-site.
  • Track and record testing data for any interior smoking rooms to verify that there is no crosss contamination to adjacent spaces."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 294

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Option A: Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the tenant or responsible party, declaring that the building will be operated under a policy prohibiting smoking, and the exterior designated smoking areas are at least 25 feet away from entries and operable windows.

OR

  • Option B: Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the tenant or responsible party, declaring and demonstrating that smoking is prohibited in that portion of the tenant space not designated as a smoking space and all other areas of the building serviced by the same HVAC system, plus common areas used by tenant occupants. If the tenant’s occupants are permitted to smoke, declare and demonstrate that designated smoking rooms met the design criteria described in the credit requirements and performance has been verified using the method described in the credit requirements.

OR

  • Option C: Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the tenant or responsible party, declaring and demonstrating that the credit requirements for ETS transfer between individual residential units have been satisfied."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 266

Additional Resources

IEQc1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

IEQc1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Schematic Design through Construction Documents See the Requirements section below for carbon dioxide monitoring requirements. MEP Engineers
Design Development Identify Green Campus Loan Fund and rebate opportunities. See Technologies & Products for previous systems used at Harvard, and how the Green Campus Loan Fund has facilitated implementation. OFS and Client Project Manager
Construction Documents Document IEQc1 per LEED submittal requirements. MEP Engineers
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

Monitoring carbon dioxide in a space is a strategy to provide optimal air flow for human health, given the materials and activities in a room, and to minimize ventilation rates when occupants are not in a space, thus conserving energy. This design element addresses three of Harvard's Sustainability Principles as a way to promote human health, conserve energy and measure energy consumption: "Demonstrating institutional practices ...including measures to increase efficiency ... in Harvard’s own operations", "Promoting health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment", and "Establishing indicators for sustainability that will enable monitoring reporting and continuous improvement."

Financial Considerations

According to the Davis Langdon study, adding sensors and modifications to control systems for outside air delivery makes a very small contribution to the overall cost of the air conditioning systems (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 20). For full cite, see Financial Links. A financial payback can be achieved through reduced energy costs by running ventilation only when necessary.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Install permanent monitoring systems to ensure that ventilation systems maintain design minimum requirements. Configure all monitoring equipment to generate an alarm when the airflow values or carbon dioxide (C02) levels vary by 10% or more from the design values, via either a building automation system alarm to the building operator or a visual or audible alert to the building occupants AND

CASE 1. Mechanically Ventilated Spaces
Monitor C02 concentrations within all densely occupied spaces (those with a design occupant denSity of 25 people or more per 1000 square feet). C02 monitors must be between 3 and 6 feet above the floor.

Provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor air intake flow with an accuracy of plus or minus 15% of the design minimum outdoor air rate, as defined by ASHRAE 62.1-2007 (with errata but without addenda1) for mechanical ventilation systems where 20% or more of the design supply airflow serves nondensely occupied spaces,

CASE 2. Naturally Ventilated Spaces
Monitor CO2 concentrations within all naturally ventilated spaces. CO2 monitors must be between 3 feet and 6 feet above the floor. One CO2 sensor may be used to monitor multiple nondensely occupied spaces if the natural ventilation design uses passive stack(s) or other means to induce airflow through those spaces equally and simultaneously without intervention by building occupants2.

1 Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this credit may do so at their discretion, Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED credits.
2 CO2 monitoring is required in all densely occupied spaces, regardless of design approach."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 40

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Install permanent monitoring and alarm systems that provide feedback on ventilation system performance to ensure that ventilation systems maintain design minimum ventilation requirements in a form that affords operational adjustments:

  • For mechanical ventilation systems that predominantly serve densely occupied spaces (those with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 sq. ft), install a CO2 sensor within each densely occupied space.
  • For all other mechanical ventilation systems, provide an outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor airflow rate at all expected system operating conditions within 15% of the design minimum outdoor air rate.
  • For natural ventilation systems, install a CO2 sensor within each naturally ventilated space."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 271

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Incorporate air flow monitors and CO2 sensors into floor plans, schematics, elevations (where applicable), and mechanical schedules
  • Commission ventilation systems to monitor for excess energy use
  • Check alarm systems to make sure settings are in accordance with ASHRAE 62.1-2007 for mechanical ventilation systems
  • Calibrate all building automation systems according to the manufacturer's recommendations and routinely check the function of the alarm systems"

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 301

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the responsible design professional, declaring and summarizing the installation, operational design and controls/zones for the carbon dioxide or outdoor airflow monitoring system."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 271

Additional Resources

IEQc2: Increased Ventilation

IEQc2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Schematic Design Design ventilation system based on the number of occupants. MEP Engineers
Design Development Identify loan fund and rebate opportunities. OFS and Client Project Manager
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction, if using LEED online. MEP Engineers with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to promote occupant health, comfort, and productivity by providing effective rates of ventilation and fresh air. Harvard University is committed to developing and maintaining an environment that enhances human health and fosters a transition toward sustainability.

Financial Considerations

The Davis Langdon study reports that "compliance with this credit has a very small construction cost impact, whether through the use of operable windows for natural windows for natural ventilation or through the increased use of outside air in mechanical ventilation systems," but operational costs can be significant if the relative humidity of the outdoor air is significantly different from the indoor air (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 20). For the full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"CASE 1. Mechanically Ventilated Spaces
Increase breathing zone outdoor air ventilation rates to all occupied spaces byat least 30% above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2007 (with errata but without addenda1) as determined by IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance.

CASE 2. Naturally Ventilated Spaces
Design natural ventilation systems for occupied spaces to meet the recommendations set forth in the Carbon Trust's Good Practice Guide 237 (1998). Determine that natural ventilation is an effective strategy for the project by following the flow diagram process shown in Figure 1.18 of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural Ventilation in Non-domestic Buildings

AND

OPTION 1

Use diagrams and calculations to show that the design of the natural ventilation systems meets the recommendations set forth in the CIESE Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural Ventilation in Non-domestic Buildings.

OR

OPTION 2

Use a macroscopic, multizone, analytic model to predict that room-by-room airflows will effectively naturally ventilate, defined as providing minimum ventilation rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Chapter 6 (with errata but without addenda1), for at least 90% of occupied spaces.

1 Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this credit may do so at their discetion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED credits"

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 41

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"FOR MECHANICALLY VENTILATED SPACES
Increase breathing zone outdoor air ventilation rates to all occupied spaces by at least 30% above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 as determined by EQ Prerequisite 1.

FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACES
Design natural ventilation systems for occupied spaces to meet the recommendations set forth in the Carbon Trust “Good Practice Guide 237” [1998]. Determine that natural ventilation is an effective strategy for the project by following the flow diagram process shown in Figure 1.18 of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings.

AND either of the following:

Use diagrams and calculations to show that the design of the natural ventilation systems meets the recommendations set forth in the CIBSE Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings.

OR

Use a macroscopic, multi-zone, analytic model to predict that room-by-room airflows will effectively naturally ventilate, defined as providing the minimum ventilation rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Chapter 6, for at least 90% of occupied spaces."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 279

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Perform calculations and size mechanical equipment to accommodate increased ventilation rates.
  • For naturally ventilated projects, maintain appropriate visual documentation (e.g., plans) of open areas within the project."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 311

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "For mechanical ventilation systems, provide the LEED-CI Letter Templates, signed by the mechanical engineer or other responsible party, declaring that the outdoor air ventilation rates at the breathing zone of all occupied spaces are at least 30% above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2004, and provide the calculations demonstrating that design breathing zone ventilation rates exceed the minimum rates required by Standard 62.1 by at least 30%.
  • For natural ventilation systems, provide the LEED-CI Letter Templates, signed by the mechanical engineer or other responsible party, declaring that the project meets the natural ventilation requirements of the credit. Provide documentation that natural ventilation is an effective strategy for the project and follows the design recommendations established by CIBSE. Provide either of the following: diagrams and calculations based on CIBSE AM 10, or diagrams and calculations based on results provided by a multi-zone analytical model."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 279

Additional Resources

IEQc3.1: Construction IAQ Management Plan - During Construction

EQc3.1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction  Develop an IAQ Management plan that meets or exceeds SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition 2007, Chapter 3, using the OFS IAQ Management Plan and OFS IAQ Management Checklist for reference. Contractor
Construction This credit is part of the Construction Submittal and should be documented during this time. Contractor with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to ensure that dust and contaminants from construction do not infiltrate permanent mechanical systems, to protect the health of construction workers and to sequence construction activities in order to decrease the amount of toxins in the building. Developing and adhering to an indoor air quality plan during construction prioritizes the health of construction workers, who are part of the university community, which is a key element of the second sustainability principle: "...continuous improvement in...promoting health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment."

Financial Considerations

According to the Davis Langdon study, the cost of compliance with this credit varies with location of the project. "In areas where construction IAQ management is widely used, the costs are minimal, if any. In other areas or with contractors unfamiliar with construction IAQ management the costs can be substantial" (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 20). For full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Develop and implement an IAQ management plan for the construction and preoccupancy phases ofthe tenant space as follows:

  • During construction, meet or exceed the recommended control measures of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines For Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition 2007, ANSI/SMACNA 008-2008 (Chapter 3).
  • Protect stored on-site and installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.
  • If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, filtration media with a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 8 must be used at each return air grille, as determined by ASHRAE Standard 52.2- 1999 (with errata but without addenda1). Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy."

1 Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this credit may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED credits."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 43

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building as follows:

  • During construction meet or exceed the recommended Control Measures of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3.
  • Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.
  • If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8 shall be used at each return air grille, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999.
  • Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy. Coordinate with EQ Credits 3.2 and 5, installing only a single set of filtration media."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 289

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • Create a written construction IAQ management plan to use during demolition and construction
  • Maintain visual documentation (e.g., photos) of the construction IAQ management plan practices followed during construction and indicate which approach is being implemented.

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 319

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the general contractor or responsible party, declaring that a Construction IAQ Management Plan has been developed and implemented, and listing each air filter used during construction and at the end of construction. Include the MERV value, manufacturer name and model number.

AND EITHER

  • Provide 18 photographs—six photographs taken on three different occasions during construction—along with identification of the SMACNA approach featured by each photograph, in order to show consistent adherence to the credit requirements.

OR

  • Declare the five Design Approaches of SMACNA IAQ Guideline for Occupied Buildings under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3, which were used during building construction. Include a brief description of some of the important design approaches employed."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 289

Additional Resources

IEQc3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan - Before Occupancy

IEQc3.2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction  Develop an IAQ Management Plan for post-construction and pre-occupancy using the OFS IAQ Management Plan and OFS IAQ Management Checklist for reference. Determine if air quality testing, or building flush-out will be performed. Contractor with Client Project Manager
Construction This credit is part of the Construction Submittal and should be documented during this time. Contractor with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The purpose of this credit is to ensure healthy indoor air quality not only after construction, but also prior to occupancy. The Sustainability Principles encourage maintaining environments that enhance human health, productivity, and safety for occupants of Harvard's buildings.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Develop an IAQ management plan and implement it after all finishes have been installed and the building has been completely cleaned before occupancy.

OPTION 1. Flush out1
PATH 1
After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, install new filtration media and flush-out the building by supplying a total air volume of 14,000 cubic feet of outdoor air per square foot of floor area while maintaining an internal temperature of at least 600F and, where mechanical cooling is operated, relative humidity no higher than 60%.

OR

PATH 2
If occupancy is desired prior to completion of the flush-out, the space maybe occupied following delivery of a minimum of 3,500 cubic feet of outdoor air per square foot of floor area. Once the space is occupied, it must be ventilated at a minimum rate of 0.30 cubic feet per minute (cfm) per square foot of outside air or the design minimum outside air rate determined in EQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ Performance, whichever is greater. During each day of the flush-out period, ventilation must begin a minimum of 3 hours prior to occupancy and continue during occupancy. These conditions must be maintained until a total of 14,000 cubic feet per square foot of outside air has been delivered to the space.

OR

OPTION 2. Air Testing
Conduct baseline IAQ testing after construction ends and prior to occupancy, using testing protocols consistent with the EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air and as additionally detailed in the LEED Reference Guide for Green Interior Design and Construction, 2009 Edition.

1All finishes must be installed prior to flush-out"

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 44

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the pre-occupancy phase as follows:

OPTION A — Flush-Out procedure:

  • After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, perform a building flush-out by supplying a total air volume of 14,000 cu.ft. of outdoor air per sq.ft. of floor area while maintaining an internal temperature of at least 60 degrees F and relative humidity no higher than 60%.
  • The space may only be occupied following delivery of a minimum of 3,500 ft3 of outdoor air per ft2 of floor area to the space, and provided the space is ventilated at minimum rate of 0.30 cfm/ft2 of outside air or the design minimum outside air rate, whichever is greater, a minimum of three hours prior to occupancy and during occupancy, until the total of 14,000 ft3/ft2 of outside air has been delivered to the space.

OR

OPTION B —IAQ test procedure:

  • Conduct baseline IAQ testing, after construction ends and prior to occupancy, using testing protocols consistent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air and as additionally detailed in the Reference Guide."

Demonstrate that the contaminant maximum concentrations listed below are not exceeded.

CONTAMINANT MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION
Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion
Particulates (PM10) 50 micrograms per cubic meter
Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) 500 micrograms per cubic meter
*4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 6.5 micrograms per cubic meter
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 9 part per million and no greater than 2 parts per
million above outdoor levels

* This test is only required if carpets and fabrics with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex backing material are installed as part of the base building systems.


• For each sampling point where the maximum concentration limits are exceeded conduct additional flush-out with outside air and retest the specific parameter(s) exceeded to indicate the requirements are achieved. Repeat procedure until all requirements have been met. When retesting non-complying building areas, take samples from the same locations as in the first test.


• The air sample testing shall be conducted as follows:

1) All measurements shall be conducted prior to occupancy, but during normal occupied hours, and with the building ventilation system starting at the normal daily start time and operated at the minimum outside air flow rate for the occupied mode throughout the duration of the air testing.
2) The building shall have all interior finishes installed, including but not limited to millwork, doors, paint, carpet and acoustic tiles. Non-fixed furnishings such as workstations and partitions are encouraged, but not required, to be in place for the testing.
3) The number of sampling locations will vary depending upon the size of the building and number of ventilation systems. For each portion of the building served by a separate ventilation system, the number of sampling points shall not be less than one per 25,000 sq.ft., or for each contiguous floor area, whichever is larger, and include areas with the least ventilation and greatest presumed source strength.
4) Air samples shall be collected between 3 feet and 6 feet from the floor to represent the breathing zone of occupants, and over a minimum 4-hour period."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 293-294

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a written construction IAQ management plan.
  • Record dates, occupancy, outdoor air delivery rates, internal temperature, humidity, and any special considerations for projects completing a flush-out procedure.
  • Maintain a copy of the testing report and verify that all required contaminants are accounted for and are reported in the correct unit of measure for projects completing IAQ testing."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 329

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"OPTION A:

  • Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or engineer, describing flush-out procedures and dates. Provide calculations to demonstrate that the required total air volumes and minimum ventilation volumes and rates have been delivered.

OR

OPTION B:

  • Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the environmental consusltant or other responsible party, indicating that the air quality testing procedure has been conducted and that all areas tested do not exceed the maximum allowable concentration limits.
  • Provide a copy of the IAQ testing results that includes documentation of the results and identifying the EPA testing method used. If alternative testing protocols are used, provide documentation and rationale justifying that the measured results meet the intent of the EPA testing methods."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 294

Additional Resources

IEQc4.1: Low-Emitting Materials - Adhesives and Sealants

IEQc4.1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction Documents Check the Technologies and Products section for low-VOC adhesives and sealants used in Harvard projects. Architect
Construction Documents Include language in specifications. Adhesives and sealants must comply with the requirements of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule #1168. Architect
Construction  Review submittals to verify that products meet project specifications and LEED requirements. Architect, Contractor
Construction This credit is part of the Construction Submittal and should be documented during this time. Contractor with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

Adhesives and sealants used in building materials are a source of toxins in buildings. Given that Americans spend 90% of their time indoors, building materials that off-gas toxins can affect occupant health. At Harvard, low-emitting adhesives and sealants can be used as viable alternatives to protect the health of occupants in classrooms, dorms or offices, one aspect of the Sustainability Principles. Faculty and doctoral students at the Harvard School of Public Health are researching personal exposure levels for many compounds found in building materials. The application of research by Harvard University professors is a basic tenet of the Sustainability Principles: “encouraging environmental inquiry and institutional learning throughout the university community."

Financial Considerations

This design element is cost neutral for Harvard University projects due to the wide availability of low-VOC adhesives and sealants.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building (i.e. inside of the weatherproofing system and applied on-site) must comply with the requirements as applicable to the project scope:1

  • Adhesives, sealants and sealant primers must comply with South Coast Air Quality Management District SCAQMD) Rule 1168. Volatile organic compound (VaC) limits listed in the table below were effective July 1, 2005 with a rule amendment date of January 1, 2005.
Architectural Applications VOC Limit (g/L less water Specialty Applications VOC Limit (g/L less water
Indoor carpet adhesives
50
PVC welding
510
Carpet pad adhesives
50
CPVC welding
490
Wood flooring adhesives
100
ABS welding
325
Rubber floor adhesives
60
Plastic cement welding
250
Subfloor adhesives
50
Adhesive primer for plastic
550
Ceramic tile adhesives
65
Contact adhesive
80
VCT and asphalt adhesives
50
Special purpose contact adhesive
250
Drywall and panel adhesives
50
Structural wood member adhesive
140
Cove base adhesives
50
Sheet applied rubber lining operations
850
Multipurpose construction adhesives
70
Top and trim adhesive
250
Structural glazing adhesives
100
 
Substrate Specific Applications VOC Limit (g/L less water Sealants VOC Limit (g/L less water
Metal to Metal
30
Architectural
250
Plastic foams
50
Nonmembrane roof
300
Porous material (except wood)
50
Roadway
250
Wood
30
Single-ply roof membrane
450
Fiberglass
80
Other
420
Sealant Primers VOC Limit (g/L less water
Architectural, nonporous
250
   
Architectural, porous
775
   
Other
750
   

1 The use of a VOC budget is permissable for compliance with this credit."

  • Aerosol Adhesives must comply with Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36 requirements in effect on October 19, 2000.
Aerosol Adhesives VOC weight (g/L minus water)
General purpose mist spray 65% VOCs by weight
General purpose web spray 55% VOCs by weight
Special purpose aerosol adhesives (all types) 70% VOCs by weight

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 46

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"All materials listed below that are used in the building interior, (i.e., inside of the exterior moisture barrier) must not exceed the following requirements:

  • Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168 requirements in effect on January 1, 2003 and rule amendment dated October 3, 2003.
  • Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard GC-36 requirements in effect on October 19, 2000."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 307

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a list of all indoor aerosol adhesive products, adhesives, sealants, and sealant primers used on the project; include each product's manufacturer's name, product name, specific VOC data (g/L, less water), and the corresponding allowable VOC from the referenced standard
  • Track the amount of each product used in the project if the VOC budget approach is taken."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 335

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party, listing the adhesives, sealants, sealant primers and aerosol adhesives used in the building and declaring that they meet the noted requirements. For each product in the listing, state the VOC level, the applicable standard, the classification of material and the VOC limit."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 307

Additional Resources

IEQc4.2: Low-Emitting Materials - Paints and Coatings

IEQc4.2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction Documents See low-VOC paints and coatings used in Harvard projects in the Technologies & Products section. Architect
Construction Documents Include language in specifications. See Model Specifications for EQc4.2. Paints and coatings must comply with Green Seal Standard GS-11. Architect
Construction  Review submittals to verify products meet project specifications and LEED requirements. Architect, Contractor
Construction  This credit is part of the Construction Submittal and should be documented during this time. Contractor with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to improve indoor air quality by eliminating high-emitting paints and coatings. One of the fundamental tenets of Harvard Sustainability Principles is to promote human health. Eliminating volatile organic compounds from paints and coatings in a building promotes occupant health and improves indoor air quality.

Financial Considerations

The Davis Langdon study points out that low-emitting paints and coatings are widely available, and therefore "should have only minimal – if any – impact on cost" (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 21). For full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Paints and coatings used on the interior of the building (i.e. inside the weatherproofing system and applied on-site) must comply with the following criteria as applicable to the project scope1:

  • Architectural paints and coatings applied to interior walls and ceilings -- must not exceed the volatile organic compound (VOC) content limits established in Green Seal Standards GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993.
  • Anti-corrosive and anti-rust paints applied to interior ferrous metal substrates must not exceed the VOC content limit of 250 g/L established in Green Seal Standard GS-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, January 7,1997.
  • Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, and shellacs applied to interior elements: must not exceed the VOC content limits established in South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, effective January 1, 2004.

1 The use of a VOC budget is permissible for compliance with this credit."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 48

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Interior paints and coating applied on-site must meet the limitations and restrictions concerning chemical components set by the following standards:

  • Topcoat Paints: Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, First Edition, May 20, 1993.
  • Anti-Corrosive and Anti-Rust Paints: Green Seal Standard GS-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, Second Edition, January 7, 1997. For applications on ferrous metal substrates.
  • All other Architectural Coatings, Primers and Undercoats: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, rules in effect on January 1, 2004."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 312

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a listing of each indoor paint and coating product used on the project; include each product's manufacturer's name, product name, specific VOC data (in g/L, less water), and the corresponding allowable VOC from the referenced standard.
  • Track the amount of each product used if the VOC budget approach is taken."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 340

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party, listing all the interior paints and coatings used in the building that are addressed by the referenced standards. State that they comply with the current VOC and chemical component limits and the chemical component restrictions of each standard. For each product in the listing, state the VOC level, the applicable standard, the classification of material and the VOC limit."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 312

Additional Resources

IEQc4.3: Low-Emitting Materials - Flooring Systems

EQc4.3 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Design Development Research flooring options for later specification in construction document specs. See low-VOC flooring materials used in Harvard projects in the Technologies & Products section. Client Project Manager and Architect
Construction Documents Include language in specifications. See Model Specifications for EQc4.3. Flooring systems must comply with the Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Plus program (for carpet) and FloorScore (hard surfaces). Architect
Construction  Review submittals to verify products meet project specifications and LEED requirements. Architect, Contractor
Construction This credit is part of the Construction Submittal and should be documented during this time. Contractor with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

This credit considers the VOC content of carpets and other flooring such as resilient and tile, but there are other attributes to consider such as recycled content, and overall environmental impacts. Avoiding products with volatile organic compounds contributes to the second of the Sustainability Principles, to “promote the health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment.”

Financial Considerations

As above, this credit should have minimal -if any- impact on cost.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"OPTION 1
All flooring must comply with the following as applicable to the project scope:

  • All carpet installed in the building interior must meet the testing and product requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Plus1 program.
  • All carpet cushion installed in the building interior must meet the requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label program.
  • All carpet adhesive must have less than 50 g/L VOC.
  • All hard surface flooring must be certified as compliant with the FloorScore2 standard (current as of the date of this rating system, or more stringent version) by an independent third-party. Flooring products covered by FloorScore include vinyl, linoleum, laminate flooring, wood flooring, ceramic flooring, rubber flooring and wall base.
  • An alternative compliance path using FloorScore is acceptable for credit achievement: 100% of the noncarpet finished flooring must be FloorScore-certified, and must constitute at least 25% of the finished floor area. Examples of unfinished flooring include floors in mechanical rooms, electrical rooms and elevator service rooms.
  • Concrete, wood, bamboo, and cork floor finishes such as sealer, stain and finish must meet the requirements of South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, effective January 1, 2004.
  • Tile setting adhesives and grout must meet South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1168. VOC limits correspond to an effective date of July 1, 2005 and rule amendment date of January 7, 2005.

OR

OPTION 2
All flooring products must meet the testing and product requirements of the California Department of Public Health Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda.

1 The Green Label Plus program for carpets and its assodated VOC emission criteria in micrograms per square meter per hour, along with information on testing method and sample collection developed by the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) in coordination with California's Sustainable Building Task Force and the California Department of Public Health, are described in Section 9, Acceptable Emissions Testing for Carpet, DHS Standard Practice CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174, dated 07/15/04.
2 FloorScore is a voluntary, independent certification program that tests and certifies hard surface flooring and associated products for compliance with criteria adopted in California for indoor air emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) with potential health effects. The program uses a small-scale chamber test protocol and incorporates VOC emissions criteria, developed by the California Department of Public Health."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 49-50

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Carpet systems must meet or exceed the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus testing and product requirements. (Green Label Plus does not address backer or adhesive.) Carpet pad must meet or exceed CRI Green Label testing and product requirements. Carpet adhesive must meet the requirements of Credit 4.1."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 316

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a listing of each carpet, carpet cushion, and carpet adhesive installed on the project in the building interior and record the VOC content for each adhesive.
  • Maintain a listing of each hard surface flooring product, tile setting adhesive, and grout installed on the project in the building interior and record the VOC content for each tile setting adhesive and grout."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 346

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party, listing all the carpet systems used in the tenant space and stating that they meet or exceed the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus testing and product requirements."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 316

Additional Resources

Specifications for ALL carpet types in the building must be submitted. It is helpful to submit the VOC content of carpets.

Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Indoor Air Quality Test Program

IEQc4.4: Low-Emitting Materials - Composite Wood and Laminate Adhesives

IEQc4.4 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction Documents Look for composite wood products with no added urea-formaldehyde used in Harvard projects in the Technologies & Products section. Client Project Manager and Architect
Construction Documents Include language in specifications. See Model Specifications for IEQc4.4. Architect
Construction Review submittals to verify products meet project specifications and LEED requirements. Architect, Contractor
Construction This credit is part of the Construction Submittal and should be documented during this time. Contractor with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to promote the use of alternatives to urea-formaldehyde in composite woods. Urea resins are often used in the manufacture of particleboard, plywood paneling, and medium density fiberboard. By selecting materials that do not use urea resin in their manufacture, designers can follow one of the tenets of the Sustainability Principles: "to decrease production of ...hazardous materials, both in Harvard’s own operations and in those of its suppliers." Eliminating urea formaldehyde from building materials should improve indoor air quality, thereby promoting the health and safety of the university community.

Financial Considerations

According to the Davis Langdon study, this credit is an exception to the minimal costs of EQ credits 4.1-4.3 (see above). "Prices for composite wood materials with no added urea-formaldehyde can vary widely, depending on the product selected and market conditions (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 21). For full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the building (i.e. inside the weatherproofing system) must contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. Laminate adhesives used to fabricate on-site and shop-applied composite wood and agrifiber assemblies must not contain added urea-formaldehyde resins.

Composite wood and agrifiber products are defined as: particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, panel substrates and door cores. Materials considered fixtures, furniture, and equipment (FF&E) are not considered base building elements and are not included.

Products covered by IEQ Credit 4.5, Low-Emitting Materials, System Furniture and Seating are excluded from these requirements."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 51

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Composite wood and agrifiber products, including core materials, must contain no added ureaformaldehyde resins. Laminate Adhesives used to fabricate on-site and shop applied assemblies containing these laminate adhesives must contain no urea-formaldehyde. Products covered by EQ Credit 4.5, Low-Emitting Materials, System Furniture and Seating shall be excluded from these requirements."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 319

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a listing of each composite wood and agrifiber product installed in the building interior and confirm that each product does not contain any added urea-formaldehyde"

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 350

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or responsible party, listing all the composite wood products used in the tenant space and stating that they contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins and listing all the laminating adhesives used in the tenant space and stating that they contain no urea-formaldehyde.
  • Provide documentation that all core and laminate adhesive products used on the project contained no added urea-formaldehyde."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 319

Additional Resources

 

IEQc4.5: Low-Emitting Materials - Systems Furniture and Seating

LEED Requirements

LEED-CI Version 3

OPTION 1
Furniture and seating are Greenguard Indoor Air Quality Certified.

OR

OPTION 2
Calculated indoor air concentrations that are less than or equal to those listed in Table 1 for furniture systems and seating determined by a procedure based on the EPA Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes (September 1999) testing protocol conducted in an independent air quality testing laboratory.

OR

OPTION 3
Calculated indoor air concentrations that are less than or equal to those listed in Table 1 for furniture systems and seating determined by a procedure based on ANSI/BIFMAM7.1-2007 and ANSI/BIFMAX7.1-2007 testing protocol conducted in an independent third-party air quality testing laboratory.

The requirement in Section 5 of ANSI/BIFMAX7.1-2007 is waived for LEED purposes. Section 5 requires that laboratories used to perform the emissions testing and/or provide analytical results must be independently accredited to ISO/IEC 17025, "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories."

Table 1. Maximum Indoor Air Concentrations

Chemical Contaminant Emission Limits
Systems Furniture
Emission Limits
Seating
TVOC 0.5 mg/m3 0.25 mg/msup>3
Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion 25 parts per billion
Total Aldehydes 100 parts per billion 50 parts per billion
4 – Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 0.0065 mg/m3 0.00325 mg/m3

1 Systems furniture is defined as either a panel-based workstation comprised of modular interconnecting panels, hang-on components and drawer/filing components, or a freestanding grouping of furniture items and their components that have been designed to work in concert. Furniture other than other systems furniture and task and guest chairs used with systems furniture is defined as occasional furniture and is excluded from the credit requirements.
2 Seating is defined as task and guest chairs used with systems furniture
3 Salvaged and used furniture that is more than 1-year-old at time of occupancy is excluded from the credit requirements.

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 52

LEED-CI Version 2.0

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

"All systems furniture and seating* introduced into the project space that has been manufactured, refurbished or refinished within one year prior to occupancy must meet one of the requirements below.

Option A: Greenguard Indoor Air Quality Certified

OR

Option B: Calculated indoor air concentrations that are less than or equal to those established in Table 1 for furniture systems and seating determined by a procedure based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes (September 1999) testing protocol conducted in an independent air quality testing laboratory.

Chemical Contaminant Emission Limits Systems Furniture Emission Limits
Multiple Office Seating
TVOC 0.5 mg/m3 0.25 mg/m3
Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion 25 parts per billion
Total Aldehydes 100 parts per billion 50 parts per billion
4 – Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 0.0065 mg/m3 0.00325 mg/m3

Systems furniture is defined as either a panel-based workstation comprised of modular interconnecting panels, hang-on components and drawer/filing components or a freestanding grouping of furniture items and their components that have been designed to work in concert.

Seating is defined as task and guest chairs used with systems furniture.

*Furniture other than systems furniture and task and guest chairs used with systems furniture is defined as occasional furniture and is excluded from the credit requirements.

Salvaged and used furniture that is more than one year old at time of occupancy is excluded from the credit requirements."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 52

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Confirm that systems furniture and seating products specified for the project are Greenguard Indoor Air Quality certified
  • Comply with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Technology Verification Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes (September 1999) testing protocol, or comply with ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 and ANSI/BIFMA X7.1-2007 testing protocol."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 356

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party, declaring that all systems furniture and seating covered by this credit is included in a listing that states the manufacturer and product line, item description, period of manufacture, form of compliance and the period for which the item is U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Technology verification (ETV) Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes (September 1999).
  • For Greenguard Air Quality Certified systems furniture and seating, provide a copy of the product certification, complete with the start and end dates of certification. The period covered must have begun before and extend through the actual manufacturing dates of the product used on the project.
  • For systems furniture and seating tested using a procedure based on the U.S. EPA ETV protocol, provide details of the procedure, and the emission factors from the large-chamber testing of the systems furniture, showing the calculations used in determining the emission limits, complete with the air exchange rate, demonstrating that emissions limits have not exceeded those shown in Table 1. Test results and supporting calculations must be dated and signed by an officer of the independent laboratory where the testing was conducted. Test results must represent the manufacturing practices employed for the product used on the project. Tests must have been completed before the start of manufacturing but no earlier than 24 months prior to the last manufacturing date."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, pages 322-323

IEQc5: Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control

IEQc5 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Schematic Design Design spaces to isolate and properly exhaust janitorial spaces.  Properly plumb maintenance drains where hazardous chemicals may be disposed. Separate housekeeping spaces. Architect
Construction Documents Document this credit per submittal requirements. Architect
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted  with the Design Submittal, before construction. Architect with OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to design a building so that it reduces occupant exposure to harmful fumes. Harvard University is committed to “developing and maintaining an environment that enhances human health and fosters a transition toward sustainability.” In the university's Sustainability Principles, Harvard is committed to "promoting the health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment."

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Design to minimize and control the entry of pollutants into the tenant space and later cross-contamination of regularly occupied areas through the following strategies:

  • Employ permanent entryway systems at least 10 feet long in the primary direction of travel to capture dirt and particulates entering the building at all high-volume exterior entryways
  • Sufficiently exhaust each space where hazardous gases or chemicals maybe present or used (e.g. garages, housekeeping and laundry areas copying and printing rooms) to create negative pressure with respect to adjacent spaces when the doors to the room are closed. For each of these spaces, provide self-closing doors and deck-to-deck partitions or a hard-lid ceiling. The exhaust rate must be at least 0.50 cubic feet per minute (cfm) per square foot, with no air recirculation. The pressure differential with the surrounding spaces must be at least 5 Pascals (Pa) (0.02 inches of water gauge) on average and 1 Pa (0.004 inches of water) at a minimum when the doors to the rooms are closed.
  • In mechanically ventilated buildings, install new air filtration media in regularly occupied areas prior to occupancy; these filters must provide a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 13 or better. Filtration should be applied to process both return and outside air that is delivered as supply air.
  • Provide containment drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of hazardous liquid wastes in spaces where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs for maintenance or laboratory purposes."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 54

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Design to minimize and control pollutant or biological contaminant entry into the tenant space and later cross-contamination of regularly occupied areas:

  • Employ permanent entryway systems (such as grills or grates) to capture dirt, particulates, etc. from entering the building at all high-volume exterior entryways within the tenant area.

AND

  • Where hazardous gasses or chemicals may be present or used (including housekeeping and laundry areas and copying and printing rooms), provide segregated areas with deck-to-deck partitions with separate outside exhausting at a rate of at least 0.5 cu. ft per minute per square foot, no air recirculation and operated at a negative pressure compared with the surrounding spaces of at least an average of 5 PA (0.02 inches of water gauge) and with a minimum of 1 PA (0.004 inches of water gauge) when the doors to the rooms are closed.

AND

  • Provide containment drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of hazardous liquid wastes in spaces where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs for maintenance, or laboratory purposes.

AND

  • Provide regularly occupied areas of the tenant space with new air filtration media prior to occupancy that provides a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13 or better."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 331

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Retain drawings showing the location and size of all permanent entryway systems and/or walk-off mats.
  • Detail deck-to-deck partitions or hard-lid conditions at rooms known to have contaminates.
  • Review negative pressure calculations at hazardous chemical areas to assure proper depressurization as the project evolves.
  • Maintain product literature for MERV 13 or higher filters."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 363

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party, declaring that:

  • Permanent entryway systems (such as grilles or grates) to capture dirt, particulates, etc. are provided at all high-volume exterior entryways within the tenant area.
  • Chemical use areas and copy rooms have been physically separated with deck-to-deck partitions; independent exhaust ventilation has been installed at the required exhaust rate and negative pressure differential.
  • Drains in facility cleaning and maintenance areas within the tenant space are plumbed for environmentally appropriate disposal of hazardous liquid wastes.
  • Filters used meet the MERV requirements with new media installed prior to occupancy. Provide a listing of each filter installed including the MERV value, manufacturer name and model number."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 331

Additional Resources

IEQc6.1: Controllability of Systems - Lighting

IEQc6.1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Schematic Design Establish lighting density targets per square foot. See the Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide. Architect and/or Lighting Designer
Schematic Design Incorporate lighting controls into the design. Architect, Electrical Engineer and/or Lighting Consultants
Design Development Coordinate switches with proposed furniture layout. Architect & Electrical Engineer
Design Development See utility rebates for lighting switches. MEP
Construction Documents Submit LEED documentation per submittal requirements. Architect
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to provide building occupants with control of their workspace lighting, temperature and air movement. The goal of the second University Sustainability Principle is to “promote the health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment.” Research on the effects of personal control over one's work space is being done throughout the university. These studies help the university to establish indicators for sustainability to support long-term economic, environmental and socially responsible decision-making.

Financial Considerations

According to the Davis Langdon study, these costs can be minimal to significant, but are easily achieved (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 21). For the full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Provide individual lighting controls for: 90% (minimum) of the tenant space occupants to enable adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences.

Provide lighting system controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable adjustments that meet group needs and preferences."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 55

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide individual lighting controls for 90% (minimum) of the building occupants to enable adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences.

AND

Provide lighting system controllability for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable lighting adjustment that meets group needs and preferences."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 337

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a floor plan that indicates the location, zoning, and type of lighting controls. The floor plan should also include furniture layout and indicate individual and shared work areas.
  • Retain design information on task lighting, sensors, and lighting controls."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 370

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect or other responsible party, demonstrating and declaring that the required lighting controls are provided."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 337

Additional Resources

 

IEQc6.2: Controllability of Systems - Thermal Comfort

IEQc6.2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Schematic Design through Construction Documents Include occupant thermal controls in the design. Architect, Engineers
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted  with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this design element is to allow occupants control over their thermal comfort in both individual and group settings. This ties in to the second Sustainability Principle, in which the university demonstrates a commitment to "promote the health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment." Certain strategies, such as operable windows, also have the potential to conserve energy, which is a significant part of the Sustainability Principles.

Financial Considerations

The cost of controllability of thermal comfort can be fairly high, but when integrated into more carefully planned systems, the cost can be significantly lower (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 21). For full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Provide individual controls for 50% (minimum) of the tenant occupants to enable adjustment to suit individual needs and preferences, Operable windows may be used in lieu of individual controls for occupants located 20 feet inside and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window. The areas of operable window must meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 paragraph 5.1 Natural Ventilation (with errata but without addenda2).

Provide comfort system controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable adjustments that meet group needs and preferences.

Conditions for thermal comfort are described in ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 (with errata but without addenda) and include air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and humidity.

2 Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this credit may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistent1y across all LEED credits."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 56

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide individual comfort controls for 50% (minimum) of the building occupants to enable adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences,

AND

All shared multi-occupant spaces where transient groups must share controls.

Operable windows may be used in lieu of individual controls for occupants near windows (20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window), and where the operable windows meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 Section 5.1 Natural Ventilation."

-LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 341

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain a list of the total number of individual workstations and thermal controls in individual workstations.
  • Maintain a list of the project's group multioccupant spaces and a description of the installed thermal controls in shared, multioccupant spaces."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 376

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the architect or other responsible party, demonstrating and declaring that the required ventilation and temperature controls are provided."

-LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 341

Additional Resources

IEQc7.1: Thermal Comfort - Design

IEQc7.1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The purpose of this credit is to provide a comfortable environment and support productivity for occupants. The Harvard Sustainability Principles encourage maintaining environments that enhance human health, productivity, and safety for occupants of Harvard's buildings.

Financial Considerations

According to the Davis Langdon study, "most projects are designed to comply with ASHRAE comfort standards, and meet requirements for no added cost" (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 21). For full cite, see Financial Links.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Design heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy (with errata but without addenda1). Demonstrate design compliance in accordance with the Section 6.1.1 documentation.

1 Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this credit may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED credits."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 57

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 345

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Design mechanical systems within the comfort criteria of ASHRAE 55-2004.
  • Describe how thermal comfort conditions were established for the project and how the design of conditioning systems addresses the thermal comfort design criteria."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 382

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the engineer or responsible party, declaring that the project complies with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004. Include documentation of compliance according to ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Section 6.1.1, Documentation."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 345

Additional Resources

 

IEQc7.2: Thermal Comfort - Verification

IEQc7.2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction, if using LEED online. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

The intent of this credit is to provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time. The Harvard Sustainability Principles encourage maintaining environments that enhance human health, productivity, and safety for occupants of Harvard's buildings..

Financial Considerations

There should be no cost implication because for Harvard projects, operations staff can administer the survey to building occupants.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Achieve IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort - Design

Provide a permanent monitoring system and process for corrective action to ensure that building performance meets the desired comfort criteria as determined by IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort-Design.

Agree to conduct a thermal comfort survey of tenant space occupants within 6 to 18 months after occupancy. This survey should collect anonymous responses about thermal comfort in the tenant space including an assessment of overall satisfaction with thermal performance and identification of thermal comfort problems. Agree to develop a plan for corrective action if the survey results indicate that more than 20% of occupants are dissatisfied with thermal comfort in the tenant space. This plan should include measurement of relevant environmental variables in problem areas in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 (with errata but without addenda1).

1Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE approved addenda for the purposes of this credit may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED credits."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 58

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide a permanent monitoring system and process for corrective action to ensure performance to the desired comfort criteria as determined by EQ Credit 7.1, Thermal Comfort, Compliance."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 350

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Create a written plan for corrective action if 20% or more of a building's occupants are dissatisfied with thermal comfort in the building
  • Create a thermal comfort survey for the building's occupants"

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 390

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the engineer or other responsible party, that identifies the comfort criteria, strategy for ensuring performance to the comfort criteria, description of the permanent monitoring system implemented, and process for corrective action."

- LEED-CI Version 2.0 Reference Guide, page 350

Additional Resources

IEQc8.1: Daylight and Views: Daylight

IEQc8.1 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Conceptual Design through Construction Documents Designing with consideration of daylight affects design of the building envelope, lighting and mechanical equipment.  Review the site analysis and for daily and seasonal sun and shade patterns on the site (see Sustainable Sites credits). Set daylighting goals and determine minimum lighting needs using Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide and IESNA's Advanced Lighting Guidelines for reference. Architect and MEP Engineers
Conceptual Design Consider building orientation to maximize daylight, shading devices, ceiling heights and wall colors, building length and width. Architect  
Design Development or Construction Documents Calculate area with daylight using floor plans. See example submittals and example calculations. Architect or LEED Consultant
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

Both daylight and views provide a connection for building occupants to the outdoors. Both are especially important in the living environment of dormitories and residential halls. They are also important for faculty, students and staff while working, excluding certain disciplines where daylight would be a hindrance. The second Sustainability Principle focuses on “promoting health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment." Daylight and views promote both health and productivity. Daylit buildings have a second advantage: occupants may not require the use of electric lights when daylight levels suffice. This design strategy is in accordance with the first Sustainability Principle which “include[es] measures to increase efficiency."

Financial Considerations

Costs for high performance glazing and/or increased glazing opening sizes can range from minimal to significant (Matthiessen, Fay and Morris, 21). For the full cite, see Financial Links.

Some studies show that productivity and learning increase in daylit spaces. As the largest expense in a building are the salaries of the workers, increased capital costs can be offset by increased productivity and decreased sick days due to improved environmental quality, including improved daylight and views. See the Case Studies gathered and analyzed by the Advanced Building Systems Integration Consortium (ABSIC) Center for Building Performance Diagnostics (CBPD) at Carnegie Mellon University. Design with consideration of daylighting and views also has a strong correlation with the design of the building envelope, lighting and mechanical equipment.

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Through 1 of the 4 options, achieve daylighting in at least the following spaces:

Classroom Spaces
Points
75%
1
90%
2

OPTION 1. Simulation
Demonstrate through computer simulations that 75% (1point) or 90% (2 points) or more of all regularly occupied spaces areas achieve daylight illuminance levels of a minimum of 25 footcandle (fc) and a maximum of 500 fc in a clear sky condition on September 21 at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. Areas with illuminance levels below or above the range do not comply. However, designs that incorporate view-preserving automated shades for glare control may demonstrate compliance for only the minimum 25 fc illuminance level.

OR

OPTION 2. Prescriptive
Use a combination of side-lighting and/or top-lighting to achieve a total daylighting zone that is at least 75% (1 point) or 90% (2 points) of all the regularly occupied spaces.

For the Sidelighting Daylight Zone (see diagram below):

  • Achieve a value, calculated as the product of the visible light transmittance (VLT) and window-to-floor area ratio (WFR) of daylight zone, between 0.150 and 0.180. The window area included in the calculation must be at least 30 inches above the floor.

0.150 < VLT X WFR < 0.180

  • The ceiling must not obstruct a line in section that:
    * Joins the window-head to a line on the floor that is parallel to the plane of the window;
    * Is twice the height of the window-head above the floor in distance from the plane of the glass as measured perpendicular to the plane of glass,
  • Provide sunlight redirection and/or glare control devices to ensure daylight effectiveness.

For Top-lighting Daylight Zone (see diagram below):

  • The daylight zone under a skylight is the outline ofthe opening beneath the skylight, plus in each direction the lesser of:
    * 70% of the ceiling height
    OR
    * 1/2 the distance to the edge of the nearest skylight
    OR
    * The distance to any permanent opaque partition (if transparent show VLT) farther than 70% of the distance between the top of the partition and the ceiling
  • Achieve a skylight roof coverage between 3% and 6% of the roof area with a minimum 0.5 VLT.
  • The distance between the skylights must not be more than 1.4 times the ceiling height
  • A skylight diffuser, if used, must have a measured haze value of greater than 90% when tested according to ASTM DlO03. Avoid direct line of sight to the skylight diffuser.

Exceptions for areas where tasks would be hindered by the use of daylight will be considered on their merits.

OR

OPTION 3
Demonstrate, through records of indoor light measurements that a minimum daylight illumination level of 25 fc has been achieved in at least 75% (1 point) or 90% (2 points) of all regularly occupied areas. Measurements must be taken on a 10-foot grid for all occupied spaces and recorded on building floor plans.

Only the square footage associated with the portions of rooms or spaces meeting the minimum illumination requirements may be counted in the calculations.

For all projects pursuing this option, provide daylight redirection and/or glare control devices to avoid high contrast situations that could impede visual tasks. Exceptions for areas where tasks would be hindered by daylight will be considered on their merits.

OR

OPTION 4. Combination
Any of the above calculation methods may be combined to document the minimum daylight illumination in at least 75% (1 point) or 90% (2 points) of all regularly occupied spaces. The different methods used in each space must be clearly recorded on all building plans.

In all cases, only the square footage associated with the portions of rooms or spaces meeting the requirements may be applied toward the 75% (1 point) or 90% (2 points) of total area calculation required to qualify for this credit.

In all cases, provide glare control devices to avoid high-contrast situations that could impede visual tasks. Exceptions for areas where tasks would be hindered by the use of daylight will be considered on their merits."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 60-61

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"For at least 75% (90%) of all regularly occupied areas:

Achieve a minimum Daylight Factor of 2% (excluding all direct sunlight penetrations)

OR

Using a computer simulation model, achieve at least 25 footcandles.

AND

Provide daylight redirection and/or glare control devices to ensure daylight effectiveness.

Exceptions for areas where tasks would be hindered by the use of daylight will be considered on their merits."

- LEED-CI Reference Guide Version 2.0, page 355

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Develop documentation --such as floor plans, sections, and elevations --showing the glare control methods used on the project.
  • Maintain documentation --such as floor plans, sections, and elevations --showing the location of regularly occupied spaces with the qualifying amount of daylight.
  • Develop a spreadsheet documenting the daylight factors outlined in the Calculations section to account for changes in design.
  • If using daylight simulation, update the computer model as the design progresses."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 404

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, indicating the required daylighting is accomplished in at least 75% (90%) of the regularly occupied areas.

Provide area calculations that define the daylight zones and provide a summary of daylight factor prediction calculations through manual methods or a summary of computer simulations illustrating that the footcandle levels have been achieved."

- LEED-CI Reference Guide Version 2.0, page 355

Additional Resources

IEQc8.2: Daylight and Views: Views for Seated Spaces

EQc8.2 ROADMAP

Design Phase Recommended Roles: Activities Recommended Roles: Responsibilities
Programming through Construction Documents Designing with consideration of views affects design of the building envelope, lighting and mechanical equipment. Architect
Construction Documents Specify visible transmittance of glazing in project specifications. Architect
Design Development or Construction Documents Calculate space with views using project drawings and calculations. See example submittals and example calculations. Architect or LEED Consultant
Construction Documents This credit can be submitted with the Design Submittal, before construction. OFS or LEED Consultant

Design Intent and Sustainability Principles

Views provide a connection to the outdoors, which is especially important in residential halls and apartments. Views are also important for faculty, students and staff while working, excluding certain disciplines where daylight would be a hindrance. Views to the outdoors promote both health and productivity, which is the focus of the second Sustainability Principle: “promoting health, productivity and safety of the university community through design and maintenance of the built environment."

LEED Requirements

See updated Credit Interpretation Rulings issued by the U.S. Green Building Council.

LEED-CI Version 3

"Achieve a direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 30 inches and 90 inches above the finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas. Determine the area with a direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria:

  • In plan view, the area is within sight lines drawn from perimeter vision glazing.
  • In section view, a direct sight line can be drawn from a point 42 inches above the floor (typical seated eye height) to perimeter vision glazing.

The line of sight may be drawn through interior glazing. For private offices, the entire square footage of the office may be counted if 75% or more of the area has a direct line of sight to perimeter vision glazing. If less than 75% of the area has a direct line of sight, only the area with the direct line of sight count toward meeting the credit requirement. For multi-occupant spaces, the actual square footage with a direct line of sight to perimeter vision glazing is counted."

- LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors Rating System, page 63

LEED-CI Version 2.0

"Achieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment (vision glazing between 2’-6” and 7’-6”) for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas. Determine the area with direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria:

  • In plan view, the area is within sight lines drawn from perimeter vision glazing.
  • In section view, a direct sight line can be drawn from a point 42 in. above the floor to perimeter vision glazing.

Line of sight may be drawn through interior glazing. For private offices, the entire square footage of the office can be counted if 75% or more of the area has direct line of sight to perimeter vision glazing. If less than 75% of the area has direct line of sight then only the area with the direct line of sight will be counted towards meeting the credit requirement not the whole office area. For multi-occupant spaces, the actual square footage with direct line of sight to perimeter vision glazing is counted."

- LEED-CI Reference Guide Version 2.0, page 365

LEED Submittals

LEED-CI Version 3
  • "Maintain documentation --such as floor plans, sections, and elevations --showing the location of regularly occupied spaces with view.
  • Maintain a spreadsheet documenting the view area as outlined in the Calculations section to account for any changes in design."

- LEED-CI Version 3 Reference Guide, page 410

(Complete descriptions of documentation requirements are on LEED-Online)

LEED-CI Version 2.0
  • "Provide the LEED-CI Letter Template and calculations signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party describing, demonstrating and declaring that the building occupants in 90% of regularly occupied areas will have direct lines of site to perimeter glazing.
  • Provide floor plans and representative sections highlighting the areas with direct line of sight and showing interior partitions and perimeter windows with respect to the view at 42 in. above the floor."

- LEED-CI Reference Guide Version 2.0, page 365

Updated: Wednesday, July 29, 2009 1:56 PM

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